Racewire Blog

Julianne Hing

Disney Dreams of a White Pocahontas?

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The NAACP announced the nominees for their Image Awards last month, and lo and behold, the awards, which are dedicated to the “outstanding achievements and performances of people of color in the arts as well as those individuals or groups who promote social justice,” nominated Angeline Jolie for her role as Mariane Pearl in A Mighty Heart. When I heard about this I laughed out loud. I find it pathetically comical. Is it a sign of desperation? Are the pickings of performances by actual women of color so spare the NAACP had to celebrate a white woman for her brownface turn as Afro-Cuban and Dutch Pearl? Or is it a victory? A sign of our supposed “post-race” times that the NAACP feels free to anoint white-as-bread Angelina Jolie as a woman of color?

But the NAACP’s not the only group with questionable decision-making. Check out these photos, just released by Disney as part of their 2008 “Year of a Million Dreams” campaign. They’re part of a slew of others taken by famed fashion photographer Annie Leibovitz depicting, according to Disney’s press release, “celebrities living out their fantasies by starring in Disney dream scenes.” Apparently, Jennifer Lopez and her husband Marc Anthony, both of Puerto Rican descent, wish they were Arab royalty. And Jessica Biel fancies herself as American Indian cultural broker Pocahontas.

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Now I know Disney is not known for sensitive portrayals of people of color, so it’s not entirely shocking the company’s foregone any notion of cultural authenticity in their latest ads. It’s just galling to see how little they care, how indifferent they are about their ignorance. For one, brown folks are not indistinguishable from each other, and ethnicities are not interchangeable. Even though their Princess Jasmine’s “Arabian” roots are never explicitly identified, Disney went pretty far afield casting Jennifer Lopez. And Jessica Biel’s prancing around with a deer in a torn brown frock as Pocahontas is another notch on the long-standing tally of white actresses cast as women of color. Turns out Biel is part Choctaw Indian, but I can’t say I’ve ever heard her claim this part of her heritage for anything more than its cultural cachet. She’s recognized foremost as a seductive woman, and I think that’s why Disney wanted her for the hyper-sexualized part.

Disney’s suggestions about where folks of color belong in the American fairytale narrative are egregiously offensive. And they dispense these attitudes in a two-fold manner: first by manipulating history, smushing it into the mold of a tidy American Myth, and selling it as aspirational fantasy, and then by selectively casting only folks who are white or ethnically ambiguous enough to play these roles. Disney’s ignorance burns but barely shocks anymore. If Angelina Jolie wins the Image Award though, I’ll probably stop laughing and start crying.

Posted at 3:27 PM, Feb 06, 2008 in Music & Film | Permalink | View Comments


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I understand the frustration that American media does not show enough portrayals of people of color but its time that people understand that skin color alone is no indication of racial background. Just watch the new PBS show African American Lives just to see how complicated genealogies get. To criticize Jennifer Lopez and Marc Anthony as not being dark enough because they are Puerto Rican is a laugh. The majority of Puerto Rican families have such diversity that skin color becomes an almost irrelevant issue. Plus many Spanish ancestors of Puerto Ricans were of Arab descent! And Angelina Jolie's character Mariane Pearl could easily pass for white, and Angelina Jolie does have a claim to being of color because of her native ancestry. Naacp however, was recognizing that the story told was of a woman of African descent. Beyonce portrays Alice in the Disney series. If Jessica Biel is embracing her diverse heritage by playing Pocahontas maybe that will make some think about the parameters we set around "race." Its time all Americans reclaim the diversity of our pasts including the many white and black Americans whose ancestors coupled with Native Americans. Race may be skin deep but racial discrimination has a place in the past of many American families.

Posted by: Krissy | February 9, 2008 9:26 PM

Ah! Wouldn't it be so nice if race wasn't based on skin color? Unfortunately, that is the way that it is in the united states. The one drop rule lives on, not just for African Americans, but for all people of color. That is what the U.S. is built on...race and skin color. Where do you think terms such as 'mulatto' came from. I remember reading an article by Assata Shakur, and she said when the cops are attacking, they aren't going to be asking, oh, are you part White? Skin color is indicative of race here. I think accurate depictions of characters is very important. The United States as always done a poor job with that. Cleopatra was turned white (being fanned by her BLACK servants), so was jesus...I don't need to go on. Disney is already a white washed industry with the characters put into stereotypical roles and depicted as so. I also suggest you look a little closer at your analysis of Puerto Rico and the issue of skin color there, it is a little lacking.

Posted by: Aron | February 13, 2008 12:13 AM

Sounds like you’re suggesting that Hollywood has embraced an inclusive view of our shared histories by casting actors with mixed backgrounds, but I don’t agree. If Disney finds the room for casting black Beyonce as Alice in Wonderland, I call it a rare act of magnanimous token casting, and not much more.

I’m less interested in shades of skin color, and more concerned with Disney’s conflation of brown people into a homogeneous group. I rarely think casting agents wonder, ‘Is this actor brown enough?’ because I don’t think Disney folks know the difference. You’re either white or not.

While I think it’s a fun party fact to know which celebrities carry a fraction of American Indian blood in them, I doubt this was part of the casting criteria used to hire Angelina Jolie as Mariane Pearl or Jessica Biel as Pocahontas. Regardless of their actual ancestry, actors who are recognized as white are conferred the privileges that come with the racial association. In the entertainment industry this means they’re unilaterally given casting preference over women of color. The one-drop rule doesn’t apply to white actors here; I don’t think actors like Angelina who are recognized as white but may have more complex ancestry can claim to have legitimacy in portraying the experience of living today as a person of color.

We are a mixed society, to be sure, but the persistence of racial discrimination demands that we look a little harder at who and who isn’t being represented in popular culture. And, even then, embracing our shared ancestry alone is no atonement for the structurally ingrained racial injustices in our social reality and pop culture fantasies.

Posted by: Julianne Hing | February 13, 2008 5:05 PM