"When geography and race are combined, the gap nearly triples. White Mississippians living in Hinds County have a human development level roughly comparable to that of top-ranked Connecticut. African-Americans living in Pike-Adams have human development level of the average American circa 1960.

"While the range of earnings for whites in all county groups spans from $22,000 to $38,000, for African Americans, the earnings range is $13,000 to $25,000. In other words, whites who are worst off in the state in terms of income are still better off than the majority of African Americans....

"The median earnings of African American men, $20,368, are comparable to those of the typical American in 1970. African American women have median earnings of $ 14,915 – less than the earnings of the typical American in 1960....

"An African American baby boy born today in Mississippi can expect to have a lifespan shorter than that of the average American in 1960."

To confront these disparities, the researchers recommend policy measures targeting communities of color: boosting economic supports for working-class Mississipians; improving healthcare access to reduce infant mortality; and improving educational opportunities, particularly for Black male youth who are acutely impacted by incarceration and juvenile detention. Currently, according to the report, "the state is spending twice as much per prisoner as it is on education per schoolchild."

The project doesn't comprehensively rank states according to how equitably resources are distributed among demographic communities. That's one measure of human progress that grim studies like this seem to demand.